What the percentile means
A percentile compares one measurement with a large reference group of healthy children of the same age and sex. A baby on the 60th percentile has a larger head than 60 out of 100 babies of the same age. Percentiles between roughly the 3rd and the 97th are considered within the typical range.
Where the data comes from
From birth to 24 months the calculator uses the WHO Child Growth Standards, which the WHO and the CDC recommend for this age. From 24 to 36 months it uses the CDC 2000 growth charts. It applies the LMS method published with each chart to turn a measurement into a z-score and a percentile.
Following the curve
A single percentile says less than the pattern over time. Most babies stay near the same percentile line. A measurement that crosses two major percentile lines, or sits below the 3rd or above the 97th, is worth discussing with a doctor.